Changes in conjunctival mucin expressions in patients with first diagnosis of dry eye and its clinical significance / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the expressions of MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC16 in patients with first diagnosis of dry eye and their correlation with dry eye symptoms and signs.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Sixty-nine dry eye patients (69 eyes) as dry eye group and 40 normal volunteers (40 eyes) as normal control group were recruited in Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Beijing Tongren Hospital, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Shanghai Puotuo District Center Hospital from December 2016 to May 2018.Symptoms were evaluated by Chinese dry eye questionnaire, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score Questionnaire (DEQS). Signs were assessed by tear film breakup time (TBUT), keratoconjunctival fluorescein sodium staining, and Schirmer I test.Conjunctival cells were collected by conjunctival impression cytology.The expression levels of MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC16 mRNA in the two groups were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The correlation between the mRNA levels of conjunctival mucins and dry eye symptoms and signs were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University (No.2017003), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (No.TREC2016-29), West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No.2016310) and Shanghai Puotuo District Center Hospital (No.PTEC-A-2016-18-1). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any medical examination.Results:The expression levels of MUC1 and MUC16 mRNA in dry eye patients were 3.277(0.568, 5.790) and 1.815(1.048, 3.694), which were higher than 1.055(0.550, 2.010) and 1.024(0.541, 1.965) in normal control group (Z=819.00, P=0.008; Z=861.00, P=0.002). According to OSDI scores, MUC1 was mainly increased to 3.277(1.161, 6.226) in mild to moderate (12-32 points) dry eye patients (Z=9.04, P=0.029), and MUC16 was mainly increased to 1.968(1.074, 3.726) in severe (>32 points) dry eye patients (Z=12.24, P=0.007). MUC1 expression was positively correlated with TBUT, and was negatively correlated with corneal staining scoring and keratoconjunctival staining scoring ( r s=0.270, P=0.025; r s=-0.331, P=0.006; r s=-0.325, P=0.007). MUC16 expression was positively correlated with TBUT, and was negatively correlated with blurred vision scoring, symptom exacerbation scoring during reading, impact scoring of driving at night, impact scoring of computer and impact scoring of TV use ( r s=0.249, P=0.039; r s=-0.359, P=0.047; r s=-0.370, P=0.034; r s=-0.558, P=0.016; r s=-0.498, P=0.006; rs=-0.515, P=0.002). Conclusions:The gene expressions of MUC1 and MUC16 are higher in conjunctiva of dry eye patients.MUC1 mRNA expression is related to patients' signs.MUC16 mRNA expression is related to the quality of life of patients.

Expression pattern of MMP-12 in long-term optic nerve regeneration induced by lens injury / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the expression changes of MMP-12 during the long-term axon regeneration induced by the lens injury after the optic nerve clamp trauma in sprague-dawley(SD)rats.METHODS: The optic nerve injury model and lens injury model of SD rats were established, and the 24 experimental animals were divided into control group; lens injury group; optic nerve injury group; lens injury combined with optic nerve injury group, with 6 rats in each group. Reference transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the expression changes of differentially expressed genes in the injured optic nerve region, and relevant differentially expressed genes with high expression were screened. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to quantify the expression changes of matrix metalloproteinase-12(MMP-12)in the injured optic nerve region.RESULTS: The Principal Component Analysis of transcriptome sequencing indicated that lens injury combined with optic nerve injury was the principal component of gene expression change. Analysis of gene expression differences showed that the expression of MMP-12 gene was up-regulated in the lens injury combined with optic nerve injury group. The mRNA expression level of MMP-12 in the lens injury combined optic nerve injury group was up-regulated compared with the control group, the optic nerve injury group and the lens injury group at 14d and 21d after successful modeling(P<0.05). At 7, 28d, there was no difference in expression among all groups. The protein expression level of MMP-12 in the lens injury combined with optic nerve injury group was up-regulated compared with the control group and optic nerve injury group at 7, 14 and 21d after successful modeling(P<0.05), and it was up-regulated in the lens injury group combined with optic nerve injury group compared with optic nerve injury group at 21d(P<0.05). At 28d, there was no difference in expression among all groups.CONCLUSION: The up-regulated expression of MMP-12 may be involved in the long-term regeneration of the optic nerve after lens injury.

The exposure to television advertising of unhealthy food among children and adolescents and its impact in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the exposure to television advertising of unhealthy food among children and adolescents in Beijing, in order to provide a basis for the formulation of marketing management policies with unhealthy food.@*Methods@#Four weekdays and four weekend days were randomly selected during October 19, 2020 to January 17, 2021, excluding holidays and school holidays. The top five popular channels of children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years old were selected. A total of 720 hours was included for coding and analysis. World Health Organization Nutrient Profile Model for the Western Pacific Region was used to classify food and assess the health level.@*Results@#A total of 13 864 advertisings (ads) was monitored, 38.8% (5 376) of which were food ads. Furthermore, 49.9% (2 680) of food ads were unhealthy food ads, with a frequency of 2.00 per hour per channel. The top five most frequent food ads were infant formula for 12-36 months (26.7%), cheese (16.7%), savory snacks (12.2%), milk drinks (10.5%) and chocolate and candy (6.0%). The most frequently used marketing strategies for unhealthy food ads were brand benefit claims (96.8%) and promotional characters (67.9%).@*Conclusion@#Children and adolescents in Beijing are highly exposed to TV marketing of unhealthy foods. Marketing strategies such as brand benefit claims and promotional characters are employed to boost the impact of unhealthy food ads. There is an urgent need to introduce relevant policies to regulate TV marketing of unhealthy foods.

Concordance between Chinese dry eye diagnostic criteria and Asian dry eye diagnostic criteria / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical manifestations and signs of the first diagnosed dry eye patients, and to explore the concordance between the Chinese dry eye diagnostic criteria and the Asian dry eye diagnostic criteria.Methods:A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted.One hundred and forty-one eyes of 141 patients who were diagnosed as dry eye for the first time were included in Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Beijing Tongren Hospital, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Shanghai Putuo District Center Hospital from December 2016 to May 2018.All patients completed the Chinese Dry Eye Questionnaire, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-life Score Questionnaire (DEQS) to evaluate the symptoms of dry eye.Tear film breakup time (BUT), keratoconjunctival fluorescein staining, meibomian gland morphology and function examination, and Schirmer Ⅰ test were performed to evaluate dry eye signs and the association between dry eye symptoms and signs.The eyes were divided into corneal staining positive and negative group according to the presence or absence of corneal fluorescein staining, and the dry eye symptoms of the two groups were assessed by the three questionnaires.The eyes were divided into tear-deficient dry eye, evaporative dry eye, mixed dry eye and abnormal tear dynamics dry eye to compare the difference of dry eye signs among the groups.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol complied with Chinese regulations and rules on clinical trial research and was approved by Ethics Committees of Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University (No.2017003), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (No.TREC2016-29), West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No.2016310) and Shanghai Putuo District Center Hospital (No.PTEC-A-2016-18-1). Written informed consent was obtained from patients before entering the cohort.Results:The total score of Chinese Dry Eye Questionnaire, OSDI questionnaire and DEQS questionnaire was 12.00(7.00, 16.00), 25.00(17.50, 36.93) and 32.02(15.77, 52.34), respectively.It was found that 130 eyes (92.2%) had dryness, and 109 eyes (77.3%) had ocular fatigue and 108 eyes (76.6%) had foreign body sensation.Dryness, foreign body sensation, photophobia and poor vision were weakly positively correlated with corneal staining ( r=0.177、0.297、0.172, all at P<0.05). Pain, photophobia and poor vision were negatively correlated with tear secretion ( r=-0.178, -0.197, -0.174; all at P<0.05). It was found that 43.3% of dry eye patients had used visual display terminals.Among the 141 eyes, 75 eyes (53.2%) were with over evaporation dry eye, 43 eyes (30.5%) with mixed dry eye, 18 eyes (12.8%) with aqueous-deficient dry eye and 3 eyes (2.1%) with abnormal tear dynamics dry eyes. Conclusions:Initial diagnosis of dry eye patients is mainly mild to moderate.Dry eye signs and symptoms are correlated.Over evaporation dry eye is the most common type of dry eye.The concordance between the Chinese dry eye diagnostic criteria and the Asian Dry Eye Society diagnostic criteria reaches 97.2%.

Retrospective analysis of infliximab in the treatment of Kawasaki disease / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of infliximab (IFX) therapy for children with Kawasaki disease. Methods: Sixty-eight children with Kawasaki disease who received IFX therapy in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2014 to April 2021 were enrolled. The indications for IFX administration, changes in laboratory parameters before and after IFX administration, response rate, drug adverse events and complications and outcomes of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) were retrospectively analyzed. Comparisons between groups were performed with unpaired Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. Results: Among 68 children with Kawasaki disease, 52 (76%) were males and 16 (24%) were females. The age of onset was 2.1 (0.5, 3.8) years. IFX was administered to: (1) 35 children (51%) with persistent fever who did not respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or steroids, 28 of the 35 children (80%) developed CAA before IFX therapy; (2) 32 children (47%) with continuous progression of CAA; (3) 1 child with persistent arthritis. In all cases, IFX was administered as an additional treatment (the time from the onset of illness to IFX therapy was 21 (15, 30) days) which consisted of second line therapy in 20 (29%), third line therapy in 20 (29%), and fourth (or more) line therapy in 28 (41%). C-reactive protein (8 (4, 15) vs. 16 (8, 43) mg/L, Z=-3.38, P=0.001), serum amyloid protein A (17 (10, 42) vs. 88 (11, 327) mg/L, Z=-2.36, P=0.018) and the percentage of neutrophils (0.39±0.20 vs. 0.49±0.21, t=2.63, P=0.010) decreased significantly after IFX administration. Fourteen children (21%) did not respond to IFX and received additional therapies mainly including steroids and cyclophosphamide. There was no significant difference in gender, age at IFX administration, time from the onset of illness to IFX administration, the maximum coronary Z value before IFX administration, and the incidence of systemic aneurysms between IFX-sensitive group and IFX-resistant group (all P>0.05). Infections occurred in 11 cases (16%) after IFX administration, including respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract, skin and oral infections. One case had Calmette-Guérin bacillus-related adverse reactions 2 months after IFX administration. All of these adverse events were cured successfully. One child died of CAA rupture, 6 children were lost to follow up, the remaining 61 children were followed up for 6 (4, 15) months. No CAA occurred in 7 children before and after IFX treatment, while CAA occurred in 54 children before IFX treatment. CAA regressed in 23 (43%) children at the last follow-up, and the diameter of coronary artery recovered to normal in 10 children. Conclusion: IFX is an effective and safe therapeutic choice for children with Kawasaki disease who are refractory to IVIG or steroids therapy or with continuous progression of CAA.

Combining electroacupuncture and transcranial direct current stimulation as an adjuvant therapy enhances spontaneous conversation and naming in subacute vascular aphasia: A retrospective analysis / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Emerging evidence shows the effectiveness of speech and language therapy (SLT); however, precise therapeutic parameters remain unclear. Evidence for the use of adjunctive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to treat post-stroke aphasia (PSA) is promising; however, the utility of combining tDCS and electroacupuncture (EA) has not yet been analyzed. This study assessed the therapeutic consequences of EA and tDCS coupled with SLT in subacute PSA patients who were also undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on subacute (< 6 months) PSA patients who were divided into three groups: patients who received EA plus tDCS (acupuncture group), patients who underwent tDCS (tDCS group), and patients who experienced conventional therapy (HBOT + SLT). All subjects underwent 21 days of treatment and also received conventional treatment. The aphasia battery of Chinese (ABC) was used to score pre- and post-intervention status.@*RESULTS@#The analysis comprised 238 patients. Cerebral infarction was the most frequent stroke type (137 [57.6%]), while motor (66 [27.7%]) and global aphasia (60 [25.2%]) were the most common types of aphasia. After 21 days of intervention, the ABC scores of all patients were improved. The acupuncture group had the highest ABC scores, but only repetition, naming, and spontaneous speech were statistically improved (P < 0.01). Post-hoc tests revealed significant improvement in word retrieval in the acupuncture and tDCS groups (P < 0.01, P = 0.037), while the acupuncture group had additional significant improvement in spontaneous conversation (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Combining acupuncture and tDCS as an adjuvant therapy for subacute PSA led to significant spontaneous speech and word retrieval improvements. Future prospective, multi-ethnic, multi-center trials are warranted.

Efficacy of vertical control by using mini-implant anchorage in maxillary posterior buccal area for Angle class Ⅱ extraction patients / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy of vertical control by using conventional mini-implant anchorage in maxillary posterior buccal area for Angle class Ⅱ extraction patients.@*METHODS@#Twenty-eight Angle class Ⅱ patients [9 males, 19 females, and age (22.6±2.8) years] were selected in this study. All of these patients were treated by using straight wire appliance with 4 premolars extraction and 2 mini-implant anchorage in maxillary posterior buccal area. In this study, the self-control method was used to measure and analyze the lateral radiographs taken before and after orthodontic treatment in each case, the main cephalometric analysis items were related to vertical changes. The digitized lateral radiographs were imported into Dolphin Imaging Software (version 11.5: Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, California, USA), and marked points were traced. Each marked point was confirmed by two orthodontists. The same orthodontist performed measurement on the lateral radiographs over a period of time. All measurement items were required to be measured 3 times, and the average value was taken as the final measurement result.@*RESULTS@#Analysis of the cephalometric radiographs showed that, for vertical measurements after treatment, the differences of the following measurements were highly statistically significant (P < 0.001): SN-MP decreased by (1.40±1.45) degrees on average, FMA decreased by (1.58±1.32) degrees on average, the back-to-front height ratio (S-Go/N-Me) decreased by 1.42%±1.43% on average, Y-axis angle decreased by (1.03±0.99) degrees on average, face angle increases by (1.37±1.05) degree on average; The following measurements were statistically significant (P < 0.05): the average depression of the upper molars was (0.68±1.40) mm, and the average depression of the upper anterior teeth was (1.07±1.55) mm. The outcomes indicated that there was a certain degree of upper molar depression after the treatment, which produced a certain degree of counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane, resulting in a positive effect on the improvement of the profile.@*CONCLUSION@#The conventional micro-implant anchorage in maxillary posterior buccal area has a certain vertical control ability, and can give rise to a certain counterclockwise rotation of the mandible, which would improve the profile of Angle Class Ⅱ patients.

Differences in implant osseointegration in the jaw and femur in animal experiments / 口腔疾病防治

@#The jaw and femur are commonly used sites in basic research for modeling bone defects or inserting implants. An increasing number of studies have identified that the jaw and femur indeed show great differences in embryonic development and growth, histomorphology and bone metabolism. A literature review showed that, compared with the femur, the main osteogenic pathway of the jaw may have better osteogenic ability, and its stem cells have better proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability. However, the jaw structure is less regular, the osteogenic differentiation ability of its osteoblasts is mineralization slightly weak, and the immune cells of the jaw are more sensitive to cytokines. These may be the reasons why the osseointegration of the jaw implant is different from that of the femur in animal experiments, but its specific mechanism has not been clarified.

Expression of adipokines in children with primary nephrotic syndrome and its association with hyperlipidemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the expression of adipokines in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) before and after treatment and its correlation with blood lipids, as well as the role of adipokines in PNS children with hyperlipidemia.@*METHODS@#A total of 90 children who were diagnosed with incipient PNS or recurrence of PNS after corticosteroid withdrawal for more than 6 months were enrolled as subjects. Thirty children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as the control group. Venous blood samples were collected from the children in the control group and the children with PNS before corticosteroid therapy (active stage) and after urinary protein clearance following 4 weeks of corticosteroid therapy (remission stage). ELISA was used to measure the levels of adipokines. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure blood lipid levels.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the children with PNS had a significantly lower level of omentin-1 in both active and remission stages, and their level of omentin-1 in the active stage was significantly lower than that in the remission stage (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Omentin-1 may be associated with disease activity, dyslipidemia, and proteinuria in children with PNS. Blood lipid ratios may be more effective than traditional blood lipid parameters in monitoring early cardiovascular risk in children with PNS.

Effects of ophiopogonin D on fatty acid metabolic enzymes in cardiomyocytes / 中国中药杂志

To explore the effect of ophiopogonin D on main fatty acid metabolic enzymes in human cardiomyocyte AC-16,so as to provide reference for cardiovascular protection mechanism and safe clinical application of Ophiopogon japonicus.CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of ophiopogonin D on the viability of cardiomyocytes.Meanwhile,the effect of different concentrations of ophiopogonin D on the morphology and quantity of cardiomyocytes was observed under microscope.The effect of ophiopogonin D on the mRNA expression of CYP2J2,CYP4F3,CYP4A11,CYP4A22 and CYP4F2 in cardiomyocytes was detected by RT-PCR.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of CYP4F3 in different concentrations of ophiopogonin D.Compared with the control group,low-concentration ophiopogonin D had no effect on the viability of cardiomyocytes.However,ophiopogonin D with a concentration of higher than 20μmol·L~(-1)could promote the viability.Under the microscope,ophiopogonin D with a concentration of below 100μmol·L~(-1)had no significant effect on the morphology and number of cardiomyocytes.RT-PCR results showed that compared with the control group,5μmol·L~(-1)ophiopogonin D could slightly up-regulate mRNA expressions of CYP2J2 and CYP4F3,while high-concentration ophiopogonin D (10 and 20μmol·L~(-1)) could significantly induce mRNA expressions of CYP2J2and CYP4F3 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05).The same concentration of ophiopogonin D had a little effect on the mRNA expressions of CYP4A11,CYP4A22 and CYP4F2.Western blot results showed that 20μmol·L~(-1)ophiopogonin D could significantly induce the protein expression of CYP4F3 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05).Based on the above results,ophiopogonin D (less than100μmol·L~(-1)) has no effect on the viability of AC-16 cardiomyocytes.Ophiopogonin D (less than 100μmol·L~(-1)) can selectively induce the expressions of CYP2J2 and CYP4F3,regulate the metabolic pathway of fatty acid signaling molecules,and thus protecting the cardiovascular system.

Research progress on the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway mediated osteoimmunology in modulating implant osseointegration / 口腔疾病防治

@#Ideal osseointegration is intimately related to favorable osteoimmune properties around dental implants. An increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway is involved in this biological process. In this article, the implicated roles of Hippo-YAP the signaling axis in peri-implant osteoimmunology were summarized by reviewing relevant evolving literature. The discrepancy concerning the Hippo-YAP signaling regulatory effect on osteogenesis and polarization direction were analyzed as well as propose the potential mechanism, which may be caused by the maturation of osteogenesis-related cells and heterogeneity of macrophages. More attention should be given to the requirements of promoting osteogenesis and patterns of regulating the immune microenvironment by Hippo-YAP in future studies.

Advances in Research on Pharmacological Effect of Astragaloside Ⅳ on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Astragalus membranaceus has the effect of tonifying Qi and solid surface， diuretic support poison， discharging pus and astringent sores to produce muscle. It is not only used for syndromes such as deficiency of lung and temper， deficiency of spleen and diarrhea， but also for stroke， chest obstruction and other diseases. Due to the complex chemical composition and diverse pharmacological effect of Astragalus membranaceus， and the main role in invigorating qi and activating blood circulation has not been clarified. Astragaloside Ⅳ is one of its main active ingredients. In recent years， more and more studies on Astragaloside Ⅳ have been conducted at home and abroad. It has been reported that it has the medicinal value of enhancing immune function， strengthening heart and lowerin blood glucose， diuresis， anti-aging and anti-fatigue， et al， and has extensive pharmacological activity. Among them， the role of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in particular has attracted increasing attention. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are ischemic or hemorrhagic diseases occurring in the heart， brain and systemic tissues due to blood viscosity， atherosclerosis， hypertension， hyperlipidemia， etc.， including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Such diseases are a serious threat to mankind and are the leading cause of death worldwide. At present， western medicine is the main treatment， with many adverse reactions and poor long-term prognosis. TCM believes that the imbalance of qi and blood is the basic pathogenesis of this kind of disease. Qi deficiency and blood stasis are more common.At present， Astragaloside Ⅳ in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in a number of studies， and achieved some results， but this review in recent years， Astragaloside Ⅳ in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases play the pharmacological activity， in order to explore whether Astragaloside Ⅳ is the main role of astragalus qi to find a theoretical basis for material basis， but also for the innovation of traditional Chinese medicine drug research and development of theoretical basis and practical guidance.

Evaluation of the effect of the integrated echinococcosis control program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the integrated echinococcosis control program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018. MethodsA package of integrated interventions were employed for echinococcosis control in 22 counties (districts) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, including screening of human echinococcosis, treatment of echinococcosis patients, deworming of domestic dogs and monitoring of infections, surveillance of echinococcosis in bovines and sheep, health education. The detection of human echinococcosis, seroprevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody in children at ages of 6 to 12 years, the Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate in domestic dogs, prevalence of echinococcosis in bovines and sheep, and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge were investigated and compared during the period between 2011 and 2018. Results The detection of human echinococcosis appeared a decline tendency in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over years during the period from 2011 to 2018 (χ2trend = 82.22, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of human echinococcosis decreased from 0.31% in 2011 to 0.15% in 2018. The seroprevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody appeared a decline tendency in children at ages of 6 to 12 years over years (χ2trend = 439.64, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody decreased from 6.12% in 2011 to 0.67% in 2018. The Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate appeared a decline tendency in domestic dogs over years (χ2trend = 260.33, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody decreased from 7.11% in 2011 to 0.75% in 2018. The prevalence of bovine and sheep echinococcosis reduced from 3.26% and 5.08% in 2011 to 1.35% and 0.76% in 2018, and Echinococcus predominantly parasitized in bovine (92.00%) and sheep (93.94%) livers. A total of 63 stool samples were collected from red fox, wolf and badger in Xiji and Haiyuan counties of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2013 and 2014, with no Echinococcus coproantigen-positives detected, and 107 domestic cats and 3 domestic dogs were dissected in these two counties, with no Echinococcus found. A total of 6 046 wild mice were dissected in Xiji County, Yuanzhou District and Haiyuan County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2019, and the prevalence of E. multilocularis was 0.31%. The awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge appeared an increasing tendency in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over years from 2011 to 2018 (χ2trend = 3 367.97, P < 0.01), and the awareness increased from 21.83% in 2011 to 72.24% in 2018. Conclusions The integrated echinococcosis control program achieves a remarkable effect in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the transmission of echinococcosis has been preliminarily controlled. However, the echinococcosis transmission risk remains in few regions, and the integrated echinococcosis control program remains to be reinforced.

Simultaneous determination and analysis of amino acids and nucleosides in Dendrobium by UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

By using multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate essential quality, and provide scientific basis for their comprehensive utilization, we established an UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS method for the fast, precise, efficient determination of 21 kinds of amino acids and 10 kinds of nucleosides in different species of Dendrobium. The analysis was performed on a Waters XBridge Amide column(2.1 mm×100 mm,3.5 μm) with elution by mobile phase of 0.2% formic acid in water-0.2% formic acid in acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min~(-1) with the column temperature at 30 ℃. The target compounds were analyzed by the positive ion multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode. The comprehensive evaluation of different species of Dendrobium was carried out by PCA and TOPSIS analysis. All 21 kinds of amino acids and 10 nucleosides showed good linearity among certain concentration range(r>0.999), the RSDs of the stability, precision, and repeatability tests were less than 3.0%. The recovery rate was in the range from 93.31% to 107.5%, and RSD was in the range of 1.1%-3.7%. The comprehensive evaluation index obtained with PCA showed that D. huoshanense was significantly higher than others regarding amino acids and D. officinale has higher nucleosides than other species. The biggest C_i difference of TOPSIS was 68.7%, and comprehensive evaluation showed that D. huoshanense produced the highest comprehensive quality. The method is precise, fast and efficient and can provide reliable basis for further researches and intrinsic quality control of Dendrobium.

Study on the role of FoxO1 in the regulation of osteoblastic metabolism by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 in a high glucose envi⁃ronment / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Yingying, Email: yywdentist@163.com, Tel: 86⁃28⁃85503579 【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effect of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on the regulation of bone metabolism in a high⁃glucose environment and to provide evidence for the possible regulatory mechanism of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on osteoblasts in a high⁃glu⁃ cose environment.@* Methods@#The osteoblast cell line MC3T3⁃E1 was cultured in 3 groups: ① control group, cultured in low⁃glucose (5.5 mmol/L) DMEM; ② high⁃glucose group: cultured in high⁃glucose (22 mmol/L) DMEM; ③ high⁃glu⁃ cose +1,25(OH) 2 D 3 group: high⁃glucose DMEM + 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 medium culture. The CCK⁃8 method was used to detect cell proliferation in each group; Annexin V and FITC apoptosis kits were used to detect apoptosis; Alizarin red was used to semiquantitatively analyze cell differentiation; qRT⁃PCR was used to detect forkhead transcription factor⁃1 (forkhead transcription factor 1, FoxO1) mRNA expression. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the changes in FoxO1 pro⁃ tein expression and its relative position in the nucleus.@* Results@#ence was used to observe the changes in FoxO1 pro⁃ tein expression and its relative position in the nucleus. Results Our analysis showed that compared with those in the control group, the osteoblast apoptosis and proliferation in the high⁃glucose group were improved, while differentiation was inhibited (P < 0.05); at the same time, the mRNA expression of FoxO1(P = 0.006) was reduced. The immunofluores⁃ cence results showed that more FoxO1 was inside the nucleus (P < 0.001). Compared with those in the high⁃glucose group, excessive proliferation was inhibited, apoptosis was reduced, and osteogenic differentiation was improved in the high⁃glucose +1,25(OH) 2 D 3 group (P < 0.05); furthermore, FoxO1 mRNA was decreased (P = 0.006), and the transfer of FoxO1 protein was blocked (P < 0.001).@* Conclusion @#re, FoxO1 mRNA was decreased (P = 0.006), and the transfer of FoxO1 protein was blocked (P < 0.001). Conclusion We found that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 may prevent the transfer of FoxO1 to the cell nucleus, inhibit the abnormal proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts in a high⁃glucose environment, and re⁃ verse the inhibitory effect of high glucose on the differentiation of osteoblasts.

Effect of occlusal thickness design on the fracture resistance of endocrowns restored with lithium disilicate ceramic and zirconia / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the effect of occlusal thickness design on fracture resistance of endocrowns restored with lithium disilicate ceramic and zirconia.@*METHODS@#A total of 24 artificial first mandibular molars were randomly divided into four groups with six teeth in each group as follows: group lithium disilicate ceramic-2 mm (lithium disilicate ceramic, with an occlusal thickness of 2 mm and a retainer length of 4 mm); group lithium disilicate ceramic-4 mm (lithium disilicate ceramic, with an occlusal thickness of 4 mm and a retainer length of 2 mm); group zirconia-2 mm (zirconia, with an occlusal thickness of 2 mm and a retainer length of 4 mm); and group zirconia-4 mm (zirconia, with an occlusal thickness of 4 mm and a retainer length of 2 mm). After adhesive cementation (RelyX Ultimate Clicker), all specimens were subjected to thermocycling (10 000 cycles). The specimens were subjected to fracture resistance testing at a 135° angle to the teeth at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm·min⁻¹ in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test by SPSS 15.0. The failure modes were classified.@*RESULTS@#The fracture resistances of groups lithium disilicate ceramic-
2 mm, lithium disilicate ceramic-4 mm, zirconia-2 mm, and zirconia-4 mm were (890.54±83.41), (2 320.87±728.57), 
(2 258.05±557.66), and (3 847.70±495.99) N respectively. Group zirconia-4 mm had the highest fracture resistance, whereas group lithium disilicate ceramic-2 mm had the lowest.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The fracture resistance of molar endocrown with zirconia is higher than that with lithium disilicate ceramic. Increasing the occlusal thickness can improve the fracture resistance but increase the risk of fracture of abutment.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a prognosis factor for post-operative pneumonia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Although a variety of risk factors of pneumonia after clipping or coiling of the aneurysm (post-operative pneumonia [POP]) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) have been studied, the predictive model of POP after aSAH has still not been well established. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using admission neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict the occurrence of POP in aSAH patients.@*METHODS@#We evaluated 711 aSAH patients who were enrolled in a prospective observational study and collected admission blood cell counts data. We analyzed available demographics and baseline variables for these patients and analyzed the correlation of these factors with POP using Cox regression. After screening out the prognosis-related factors, the predictive value of these factors for POP was further assessed.@*RESULTS@#POP occurred in 219 patients (30.4%) in this cohort. Patients with POP had significantly higher NLR than those without (14.11 ± 8.90 vs. 8.80 ± 5.82, P 10 had significantly worse POP survival rate than patients having NLR ≤10. NLR at admission might be helpful as a predictor of POP in aSAH patients.

Effect of Astragali Radix Membranaceus in Promoting Blood Circulation and Its Modern Pharmacology Research / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Astragali Radix membranaceus is first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing, which has the effect in replenishing Qi and rising Yang, strengthening the body surface resistance, inducing diuresis to alleviate edema, and supporting for detoxication and tissue generation. As an essential medicine for invigorating Qi and invigorating the spleen, it is often used in diseases, such as Qi deficiency and fatigue, spleen deficiency diarrhea and so on, and has been well known by doctors. In recent years, scholars have a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms in replenishing Qi, invigorating spleen and promoting water. However, Tao Hongjing first recorded that Astragali Radix membranaceus can " clear the evil blood between the five organs" . In Bencaojing Jizhu, this herbal medicine has the effect in promoting blood circulation at the same time. At present, traditional Chinese medicine often explains the mechanism of this herbal medicine in promoting blood circulation based on the theory of " replenishing Qi and activating blood circulation" and " blood circulation due to Qi circulation" , which however is not equivalent to the fact that this herbal medicine has no blood circulation effect. By summarizing the records of Astragali Radix membranaceus in the herbal literatures of the previous dynasties, it was found that its promoting blood circulation effect was widely used. In summary of the applications of traditional prescriptions and modern prescriptions in promoting blood circulation, Astragali Radix membranaceus can remove obstruction and activate blood circulation, activate blood and promote diuresis, activate blood circulation and strengthen the body resistance, which can best reflect the effect in activating blood circulation of this medicine. Modern pharmacology shows that Astragali Radix membranaceus has a good regulatory effect on the molecular mechanism of blood stasis pathological indexes by activating blood circulation. Due to no in-depth research, there is still room for study. Therefore, this paper thoroughly explores the mechanism of action of Astragali Radix membranaceus in promoting blood circulation by summarizing the effects of Astragali Radix membranaceus in literatures of previous dynasties and modern pharmacological studies, in order to expand the clinical application of Astragali Radix membranaceus and provide theoretical guidance for clinical treatment.

Risk assessment and prevention in clinical diagnosis and treatment in implant surgery associated with systemic diseases / 口腔疾病防治

@#Patients seeking implantation often have several systemic diseases, which will introduce complications to treatment. This paper reviews the risk assessments and prevention of systemic diseases in patients with oral implant therapy with the relevant literature. The patients with cardiovascular diseases are prone to stroke and cardiac arrest, and anticoagulants and antihypertensive drugs will complicate cases. The potential risks of endocrine system diseases are infections and crises caused by unstable hormone levels. The risks of respiratory diseases are dyspnea and swallowing devices. The difficulty of treating patients with neuropsychiatric diseases is attributable to poor cooperation and adverse effects of the drugs. Bone and joint system diseases may decrease the success of implantation. Hematological system, digestive system and kidney diseases may lead to hemorrhage. By inquiring about detailed medical and medication history, evaluating vital signs and detecting important objective indicators, performing targeted measures, discussing with specialists, and observing patients closely, clinicians can avoid the abovementioned risks.

A new method for rapid detection of dengue antigen based on microfluidic immune magnetic beads / 热带医学杂志

@# Abstract：Objective To establish a sensitive，rapid and convenient method for the detection of dengue antigen and assist clinical diagnosis of dengue. Methods In this paper，we developed a rapid detection method for dengue antigen based on microfluidic immune magnetic beads. Solidwork software was used to design microfluidic chip，which was prepared by mechanical processing and chemical sealing. Immunomagnetic beads of dengue antibody were prepared by chemical coupling reaction. Using HRP ⁃TMB ⁃H2O2 as color system，dengue NS1 antigen was detected on microfluidic chip carrier by double antibody sandwich method. Finally，57 clinical samples were tested by the novel method and traditional ELISA kit，and the accuracy of the method was analyzed，and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were compared. Results 20 minutes was needed to detect dengue NS1 antigen by using the novel ELISA method，and the reaction system only needed 10 μg beads and 10 μL samples. In the verification experiment，the method could distinguish the negative from the positive obviously. The positive sample had color rendering，while the negative and blank samples had no color rendering. In terms of detection performance，the coincidence rate between the new ELISA method and the traditional ELISA method reached 100%. Conclusion The novel ELISA detection platform had the advantages of simple，rapid，reagent and sample saving，high sensitivity，good stability and high accuracy，and could be used for the detection of dengue antigen.